What it actually takes to turn a company's scattered knowledge into something an LLM can reliably use — and why the demo is 5% of the work.
The post How to Build a Context Layer and a Company Brain appeared first on Towards Data Science.
The full conjecture is stated over abstract fields, but the counterexample is a concrete 3D function that we can explain and visualize using familiar geometric ideas and a little algebra.
The post A Simplified View of the Jacobian Conjecture appeared first on Towards Data Science.
How statistical physics explains the transition from deterministic predictions to generative AI.
The post How to Decode the Temperature Parameter in LLMs appeared first on Towards Data Science.
Why Your Best Predictive Model Gives the Wrong Treatment Effect
Why prediction-driven variable selection misses confounders and how Bayesian Adjustment for Confounding attempts to fix it.
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Don’t Just “Throw Adam at It”: Misunderstanding Adam Will Cost You
You "vibe coded" the import. Understand Adam's optimization dynamics, why it fails spectacularly, and how to fix it.
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Backpropagation Explained for Beginners (Part 2): There Has to Be a Better Way
The idea that makes backpropagation possible.
The post Backpropagation Explained for Beginners (Part 2): There Has to Be a Better Way appeared first on Towards Data Science.
“Los Movimientos”: The Routing Problem That Nearly Broke My Spirit
Using mathematical optimization to solve a pickup-and-delivery problem with time windows.
The post “Los Movimientos”: The Routing Problem That Nearly Broke My Spirit appeared first on Towards Data Science.
In a world where human time is expensive, learn how to use it only when really necessary
The post Reducing Human Annotation with ML Active Learning appeared first on Towards Data Science.
The Most Beautiful Statistic: The History and the Science of the Humble Mean
The mean keeps making its usefulness felt in all sorts of situations, often in truly non-obvious ways
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How I Reproduced BM25, Dense Retrieval, and SPLADE on a 16GB MacBook
A practical reproduction of three retrieval baselines, including the crashes, fixes, and score checks that matter for RAG systems.
The post How I Reproduced BM25, Dense Retrieval, and SPLADE on a 16GB MacBook appeared first on Towards Data Science.
Building a browser-use agent with OpenAI Agents SDK and Playwright MCP
The post How to Give an LLM Agent a Browser appeared first on Towards Data Science.
How to Optimize Vector Search When RAM Gets Too Expensive: On-Disk vs. In-Memory ANN Indexes
Architecting cost-effective infrastructure by navigating the latency and storage trade-offs of HNSW, SPANN, and DiskANN
The post How to Optimize Vector Search When RAM Gets Too Expensive: On-Disk vs. In-Memory ANN Indexes appeared first on Towards Data Science.
When Data Science Makes Us Sad: The Story of an Overbooked Flight
$8 million vs $5k + Potentially Going Viral
The post When Data Science Makes Us Sad: The Story of an Overbooked Flight appeared first on Towards Data Science.
The hidden cost of asynchronous systems, how tiny CPU tasks quietly became our biggest bottleneck while scaling hundreds of LLM agents.
The post Why Adding More AI Agents Made Our System Slower appeared first on Towards Data Science.
Loop Engineering for RAG Generation: iterate top-k one at a time
Enterprise Document Intelligence [Vol.1 #8bis] - Two regimes for sending retrieved candidates to the generation brick, the sufficiency signal that picks between them, and the per-question type dispatch that makes it cheap
The post Loop Engineering for RAG Generation: iterate top-k one at a time appe...
If you have ever wanted to actually build an LLM inference runtime yourself — pack your own weights, own every barrier, capture your own CUDA graphs — this is what that journey looks like on an H100. A step-by-step tour of a small runtime called annotated-llm-runtime, and the three bugs that produce...
Prompt Engineering Isn’t Enough: How Four Bricks of Context Engineering Stop RAG Hallucinations
Enterprise Document Intelligence [Vol.1 #9bis] - Your RAG isn’t hallucinating, it’s answering the wrong context faithfully. On real NIST and World Bank documents, watch each of the four bricks break, and the contract that closes it
The post Prompt Engineering Isn’t Enough: How Four Bricks of Context...
How Much of a Data Science Workflow Can Run on a GPU Today? Part 1: Accelerating Data Preparation
Exploring GPU acceleration with cuDF, cudf.pandas, and the Polars GPU Engine
The post How Much of a Data Science Workflow Can Run on a GPU Today? Part 1: Accelerating Data Preparation appeared first on Towards Data Science.
Apply long-running coding agents to become a more productive engineer
The post How to Run Claude Code Agents for 24+ Hours appeared first on Towards Data Science.
Water Cooler Small Talk, Ep. 12: Byzantine Fault Tolerance
How do you make decisions when you can't trust anyone in the room?
The post Water Cooler Small Talk, Ep. 12: Byzantine Fault Tolerance appeared first on Towards Data Science.
Automatically Assign a Category to Uncategorized Rows in Power Query and DAX
Having categorized data is everything in reporting. Uncategorized data cannot be grouped and aggregated. But sometimes we must assign a category to uncategorized data according to certain rules. Let’s see how I solved this in a facility management project.
The post Automatically Assign a Category to...